Lower Extremity

Ottawa Ankle Rules

Excludes fractures of the ankle and mid-foot, avoids unnecessary imaging.

Log Roll Test

General pain during motion could indicate OA, click could indicate labral issue, excessive motion could indicate capsular problem. Classic for: Hip interarticular pathology.

Dial test

Excessive rebound motion, ~45 degrees of external rotation. Classic for: Hip laxity.

Patrick FABER

Reproduction of pain in anterior hip could indicate groin strain, pain in lateral hip could indicate tight hip capsule, pain in SI joint could indicate SI dysfunction . Classic for: Hip or SI joint involvement.

FADDIR/FAIR

Impinging feeling and pain medially within groin. Classic for: Femoroactebular Impingement.

Hip Scour Test/Quadrant Test

Reproduction of symptoms (pain, click, grinding, crepitus). Classic for: Hip pathology (OA, impingement, labral involvement, etc.).

Thomas Test

Hip pulls up into flexion and/or external rotation of hip. Classic for: General hip tightness (hip flexion) and/or iliotibial band tightness (external rotation).

Modified Thomas Test, Kendall

Inability to have knee flex to ~80-90 degrees and/or external rotation. Classic for: Rectus femoris tightness and/or iliotibial band tightness (external rotation).

Ober and Modified Ober

Leg does not fall from abducted position. Classic for: Iliotibial band tightness.

Barlow and Ortolani Manuevers

Clunk and dislocation with Barlow, and clunk with relocation with Ortolani. Classic for: Infant hip dysplasia.

Joint line tenderness

Pain when palpating lateral and/or medial joint lines. Class for: Meniscus, specific to anterior horn. Pain during lateral palpation with external tibial rotation indicates lateral meniscus, pain during medial palpation. with internal tibial rotation indicates medial meniscus

Lateral pivot shift

Clunking when moving from flexion to about 30-40 degrees extension. Classic for: ACL Tear and instability of posterolateral knee.

Lachman’s test

Increased motion and instability. Classic for: ACL tear.

Patellar Apprehension (surprise/anterior release)

Apprehension sign when moving knee into flexion. Classic for: Lateral laxity.

McMurray’s test

Reproduction of clunking or clicking symptoms. Classic for: Meniscal tear, medial meniscus targeted with external rotation, lateral meniscus with internal rotation.

Clarke’s sign

Reproduction of pain. Classic for: Chondromalacia patella or patellar joint dysfunction.

Active drawer/Quadriceps active test

Anterior shift of tibia from posterior sag sign to neutral position. Classic for: Posterior cruciate ligament tear.

Apley’s compression

Reproduction of pain, clicking sound, or apprehension from patient. Classic for: Meniscal tear.

Valgus and varus stress (knee)

Reproduction of pain, and/or increased laxity and asymmetrical motion compared to opposite side can indicate decreased integrity of the medial and lateral structures of knee.

Anterior passive drawer test (knee)

Increased laxity with lack of end point. Classic for: Anterior cruciate ligament tear.

Posterior passive drawer test (knee)

Increased laxity with lack of end point. Classic for: Posterior cruciate ligament tear.

Thessaly’s test

Reproduction of pain or clicking symptom reproduction. Classic for: Meniscal tear.

Anterior Drawer test (ankle)

Increased sulcus at talar dome or increased laxity when compared bilaterally. Classic for: Anterior talofibular ligament laxity or tear.

Talar Tilt

Excessive mobility of medial and lateral structures of ankle, when compared bilaterally.

External Rotation Stress Test

Reproduction of pain in anterior aspect between tibia and fibula. Classic for: Syndesmosis injury or high ankle sprain.

Thompson

Lack of foot movement during assessment. Classic for: Achilles rupture.

Posterior Drawer (Reverse Anterior) test (ankle)