Adam’s Sign (Adam’s Forward Bend)

Noticable rib humping when flexed forward. Classic for: Scoliosis.

Chest Circumference Test

Chest expansion <6 cm when comparing inhalation to exhalation measurements. Classic for: Unilateral lung pathology or Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Sternal & Rib Compression

Differentiate visceral (produces no pain) from musculoskeletal problem (pain reproduced) in Thoracic region.

Schepelmann’s

Differentiate neuritis (pain toward side of lateral flexion) from intercostal strain (pain on contralateral side of lateral flexion).

Spring Test

 Symptom reproduction and stiffness. Classic for: Identifying joint lesion(s).

Thoracic Compression

Reproduction of symptoms. Classic for: Identifying potential thoracic compression fracture.

Prone Extension Test

Structural kyphosis with limited movement/change versus functional kyphosis that would have extension and mobility.